Experimental Hydrothermal Geochemistry Laboratory
The Experimental Geochemistry Laboratory undertakes experimental studies to test new methods and materials at the high temperatures and pressures typical of geothermal systems. The aim of this work is to help the geothermal industry and advance geothermal research, both in New Zealand and internationally. Our research contributes to the move towards better sustainability, higher efficiency, and a lower carbon footprint.
We are proud to be internationally recognised for our innovative, robust geoscientific research, expertise and advice.
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New Zealand's Geothermal Future
GNS Science is part of a multi-agency colloboration seeking to explore, and understand New Zealand’s supercritical resources, and to integrate this knowledge to decarbonise industry and power sustainable economic growth opportunities.
‘Geothermal: The Next Generation‘ will address geological, geochemical and technological challenges unknown in conventional geothermal use. The team, combining expert geophysicists, geologists, experimental geochemists, modellers and strategic advisors, will investigate New Zealand’s supercritical conditions and learn from international experiences.
You can find out more here: Supercritical Geothermal: Aotearoa's Next Generation of Renewable Energy(external link)
Our Expertise
Our team simulates and studies the thermochemistry of hydrothermal systems, both at low temperatures typical of surface hot springs, up to those encountered in supercritical (>400oC) systems. Our expertise contributes to greater industry and global understanding of the interactions between high temperature fluids and host rocks in geothermal systems.
Our expertise covers:
- Water-rock interactions - simulation of water-rock interactions up to 700°C and high pressure; assessing the effect of geothermal development on host rock composition and permeability; and simulations investigating the origin of hydrothermal ore deposits
- Mineral reactions - studying the modification of rock properties due to water-rock interaction
- Permeability - changes in aquifer permeability during injection; modification of fracture permeability during fluid flow due to fluid-rock interaction
- Tracer suitability - temperature and pressure stability of tracer chemicals in the geothermal environment
- Thermodynamic stability - measuring thermodynamic properties of alteration minerals and metal complexes in geothermal systems and power stations
- Scaling and corrosion – simulating the formation of scaling and corrosion products in geothermal reservoirs and power station infrastructure, the mitigation of these deposits, and testing of inhibitors.
Our Equipment
Our specialist and unique apparatus can simulate site-specific conditions to understand water-rock interactions, measure thermodynamic properties, study rock composition and permeability, and investigate production issues. The experimental test equipment in the lab includes:
- Two continuous flow high temperature apparatuses capable of reaching a temperature of 400oC and 500 bars pressure
- A continuous flow apparatus with a temperature maximum of 700oC at 290 bar pressure
- A large volume (1.2 litre) stirred autoclave capable of 350oC and 300 bar pressure.
This equipment allows us to pass aqueous fluids through rock or mineral material, recreating flow in a hydrothermal environment. This allows us to monitor changes in rock and solution composition and properties. We are also able to simulate a wide range of site-specific reservoir and power station conditions to investigate the cause and mitigation of mineral scaling and metal corrosion.
Our Clients
Our work supports the exploration and development of New Zealand’s critical geothermal resources. We have been supporting the geothermal community in New Zealand and internationally for over 50 years. Our experienced professionals integrate geology, geophysics, geochemistry and modelling expertise for exploration, drilling, environmental sustainability, field development, optimal production, and ongoing resource management.
Our Location
The Experimental Hydrothermal Geochemistry Laboratory is located in the GNS Science Wairakei Research Centre, based in Taupo - New Zealand’s geothermal heartland.
Our team
The Experimental Hydrothermal Geochemistry Laboratory team is a multidisciplinary, collaborative facility that accesses the expertise of geophysicists, geologists, experimental geochemists, modellers and strategic advisors. It is led by Lead Scientist, Dr Bruce Mountain with Lab Manager, Stuart Sanderson